Endgame Theory is a concept in game theory that focuses on the final stages of a strategic interaction or competition. It examines how players make decisions when they know the end of the game is approaching, often leading to different strategies than in earlier phases. This theory is applicable in various fields, including economics, political science, and sports. In the context of chess, for example, Endgame Theory helps players understand how to optimize their moves when there are fewer pieces on the board. It emphasizes the importance of positioning and resource management to secure a win, highlighting the shift in tactics required as the game progresses toward its conclusion.