An encryption algorithm is a method used to convert plain text into a coded format, making it unreadable to unauthorized users. This process ensures that sensitive information, such as personal data or financial details, remains secure during transmission or storage. Common encryption algorithms include AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman), each with its own unique approach to securing data. These algorithms use mathematical techniques to scramble the original information, requiring a specific key to decrypt it back to its original form. The strength of an encryption algorithm often depends on the complexity of its key and the length of the encrypted data, making it difficult for attackers to gain access without the proper authorization.