Emulsion polymerization is a process used to create polymers, which are large molecules made up of repeating units. In this method, monomers are dispersed in water with the help of surfactants, forming tiny droplets. A free radical initiator is added to start the reaction, leading to the formation of polymer chains within these droplets. This technique is commonly used to produce materials like latex paints and rubber. The process is advantageous because it allows for the production of polymers at lower temperatures and with less energy compared to other methods. Additionally, the resulting emulsions can be easily processed and applied in various industries, including coatings, adhesives, and textiles.