Employment Support Allowance (ESA) is a financial benefit provided by the UK government to support individuals who are unable to work due to illness or disability. It helps cover living costs while they focus on their health and may also provide access to additional services, such as rehabilitation or job training. To qualify for ESA, applicants must undergo an assessment to determine their ability to work. There are two main types of ESA: contributory ESA, which is based on National Insurance contributions, and income-related ESA, which considers the applicant's financial situation.