Emperor Monmu was the 45th emperor of Japan, reigning from 697 to 707 AD. He was the son of Emperor Tenji and Empress Jitō. Monmu's reign is noted for its efforts to strengthen the central government and promote Buddhism, which was becoming increasingly influential in Japanese society. During his rule, Monmu implemented various reforms to improve the administration and economy of the country. He is also known for his support of the Nara period, a time characterized by the establishment of a more organized state and the flourishing of culture and arts in Japan.