Emperor Alexander II was the Emperor of Russia from 1855 until his assassination in 1881. He is best known for his significant reforms, including the emancipation of the serfs in 1861, which aimed to modernize Russia and improve the lives of millions. His reign marked a period of social and economic change, as he sought to reduce the power of the nobility and promote industrialization. In addition to the emancipation reform, Alexander II implemented changes in the military, education, and local governance. He also faced challenges, including political unrest and opposition from revolutionary groups. His efforts to modernize Russia left a lasting impact, but his assassination ultimately highlighted the tensions of his era.