Email spam refers to unsolicited and often irrelevant messages sent in bulk to numerous recipients. These emails typically promote products, services, or scams, and can clutter inboxes, making it difficult for users to find important messages. Spam can also pose security risks, as some emails may contain malware or phishing attempts aimed at stealing personal information. To combat email spam, many email providers use filters that automatically detect and redirect suspicious messages to a separate folder, often labeled as Spam or Junk. Users can also report spam emails, helping to improve these filters and reduce the amount of unwanted content in their inboxes.