Electromagnetic induction is a fundamental principle in physics that describes how a changing magnetic field can generate an electric current in a conductor. This phenomenon is the basis for many technologies, including electric generators and transformers, which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and vice versa. The concept was first discovered by Michael Faraday in the 19th century, leading to the formulation of Faraday's Law of Induction. This law states that the induced electromotive force in any closed circuit is equal to the rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit, highlighting the relationship between electricity and magnetism.