Electrochemical systems are setups that convert chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa through redox reactions. These systems typically involve electrodes, electrolytes, and a conductive medium. Common examples include batteries, which store energy chemically and release it as electricity, and fuel cells, which generate electricity by combining hydrogen and oxygen. In these systems, the flow of electrons occurs between the anode and cathode, facilitated by the electrolyte. The efficiency and performance of electrochemical systems are crucial for applications in renewable energy, such as solar energy storage and electric vehicles, making them vital for sustainable technology development.