Electrocatalysis is a process that uses electrical energy to drive chemical reactions, often enhancing the rate of these reactions. It typically involves the use of catalysts, which are substances that speed up reactions without being consumed. This technique is crucial in various applications, including fuel cells and batteries, where efficient energy conversion is essential. In electrocatalysis, electrodes are immersed in an electrolyte solution, allowing ions to move freely. When an electric current is applied, the catalyst facilitates the transfer of electrons, promoting reactions such as the conversion of hydrogen and oxygen into water or the reduction of carbon dioxide into useful chemicals.