An Electro-Optic Modulator (EOM) is a device that controls the intensity, phase, or frequency of light using an electric field. It works by exploiting the electro-optic effect, where the refractive index of a material changes in response to an applied voltage. This allows for precise manipulation of light signals, making EOMs essential in telecommunications and laser applications. EOMs are commonly used in fiber optic communication systems to encode information onto light waves. They enable high-speed data transmission by modulating the light signals that carry information over long distances. Their ability to operate at high frequencies makes them crucial for modern optical technologies.