Electrical machines are devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy or vice versa. They play a crucial role in various applications, including motors, generators, and transformers. These machines operate based on electromagnetic principles, allowing them to efficiently transfer energy in different forms. There are two main types of electrical machines: AC (Alternating Current) and DC (Direct Current) machines. AC machines are commonly used in industrial applications due to their efficiency and ease of maintenance, while DC machines are often found in applications requiring precise speed control. Understanding these machines is essential for advancements in electrical engineering and technology.