The Einstein field equations are a set of ten interrelated equations in general relativity, formulated by Albert Einstein in 1915. They describe how matter and energy in the universe influence the curvature of spacetime, which in turn affects the motion of objects. Essentially, these equations relate the geometry of spacetime to the distribution of mass and energy. These equations can be summarized as stating that the curvature of spacetime is directly proportional to the energy and momentum of whatever matter and radiation are present. This relationship helps explain various phenomena, such as the bending of light around massive objects and the dynamics of black holes.