Edge detection is a technique used in image processing to identify the boundaries or edges within an image. It helps to highlight significant transitions in pixel intensity, which often correspond to the outlines of objects. By detecting these edges, algorithms can simplify the analysis of images, making it easier to recognize shapes and patterns. Common methods for edge detection include the Sobel operator, Canny edge detector, and Laplacian of Gaussian. These techniques apply mathematical filters to the image, enhancing areas where there is a rapid change in brightness. Edge detection is widely used in applications such as computer vision, image segmentation, and object recognition.