Ectodermal differentiation is the process by which cells in the ectoderm, one of the three primary germ layers in embryonic development, develop into specialized cell types. This layer gives rise to structures such as the skin, nervous system, and hair. During differentiation, ectodermal cells undergo changes in gene expression, leading to the formation of distinct tissues and organs. This process is crucial for proper development and function of ectoderm-derived structures. Factors such as growth factors and signaling pathways play significant roles in guiding ectodermal cells toward their specific fates. Disruptions in ectodermal differentiation can lead to various developmental disorders.