Ecosystem collapse occurs when a biological community experiences a significant loss of species or a breakdown of its structure and function. This can happen due to various factors, including habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, and invasive species. When key species are lost, the balance of the ecosystem is disrupted, leading to further declines in biodiversity. The consequences of ecosystem collapse can be severe, affecting not only wildlife but also human populations. For example, the decline of coral reefs can impact fishing industries and tourism, while the loss of forests can lead to increased carbon emissions and reduced air quality. Restoring collapsed ecosystems is often challenging and requires concerted conservation efforts.