The Ecological Footprint measures the environmental impact of human activities by calculating the amount of natural resources required to support them. It reflects how much land and water area is needed to produce the resources consumed and absorb the waste generated, providing a clear picture of sustainability. By comparing the Ecological Footprint to the planet's biocapacity, we can assess whether we are living within the Earth's means. If our footprint exceeds the available resources, it indicates overconsumption and environmental degradation, urging the need for more sustainable practices.