Early Medieval settlements emerged in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire, around the 5th to 10th centuries. These communities were often small and centered around agriculture, with people living in simple homes made of wood or stone. Villages typically included a church, which served as a social and religious hub, and were often located near rivers or fertile land to support farming. Trade began to flourish during this period, leading to the growth of market towns. Settlements were often fortified for protection against invasions, with structures like castles and walls becoming common. The organization of these communities laid the groundwork for future urban development in Europe.