The Earl of Newcastle is a title in the British peerage, first created in 1628. It has been held by various noble families, primarily associated with the city of Newcastle upon Tyne. The title has a rich history, often linked to political and military figures, particularly during the English Civil War. The most notable holder was Henry Cavendish, the 2nd Earl of Newcastle, who was a prominent Royalist commander. The title has been passed down through generations, and its holders have played significant roles in British history, contributing to both local and national affairs.