The Earl of Chesterfield is a title in the British peerage, created in 1628. The title is associated with the town of Chesterfield in Derbyshire, England. The most famous holder of the title was Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, known for his letters to his son, which offered advice on manners, education, and social conduct. The Earl of Chesterfield has historically been a member of the House of Lords, contributing to British politics and society. The title has been passed down through generations, and its holders have often been influential in various fields, including literature and diplomacy.