Earl Russell, also known as Bertrand Russell, was a prominent British philosopher, logician, and social critic born on May 18, 1872. He made significant contributions to various fields, including mathematics, philosophy, and education. Russell is best known for his work in analytic philosophy and for co-authoring the influential book Principia Mathematica with Alfred North Whitehead. In addition to his academic achievements, Russell was an outspoken advocate for peace and social justice. He was involved in various political movements throughout his life, including anti-war activism during both World Wars. Russell received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950 for his writings, which often addressed moral and political issues.