The Earl of Newcastle is a title in the British peerage, first created in 1628. It is associated with the city of Newcastle upon Tyne and has been held by various noble families over the centuries. The title has often been linked to significant political and military figures in English history. The most notable holder of the title was Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle, who served as a prominent politician in the 18th century. The title has been passed down through generations, and its holders have played important roles in British society, including contributions to the arts and local governance.