The Earl of Chesterfield is a title in the British peerage, first created in 1628. The title is associated with the town of Chesterfield in Derbyshire, England. The most famous holder of the title was Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, known for his letters that offered advice on manners and etiquette, which are still referenced today. The Earl of Chesterfield has historically been a member of the House of Lords, contributing to British politics and society. The title has passed through various families, and its holders have often been involved in public service and cultural affairs throughout British history.