EEPROM, or Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and electronic devices. Unlike traditional RAM, which loses its data when powered off, EEPROM retains information even when the power is turned off. This makes it useful for storing small amounts of data that need to be preserved, such as configuration settings or calibration data. EEPROM can be rewritten and erased electrically, allowing for easy updates without needing to remove the chip from the device. It is commonly found in microcontrollers, BIOS chips, and various consumer electronics, providing a reliable way to store essential information.