ECMO, or Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, is a medical treatment that provides life support for patients with severe heart and lung problems. It works by taking blood out of the body, oxygenating it, and then returning it to the bloodstream. This process helps maintain oxygen levels and supports organ function when the heart or lungs are unable to do so effectively. ECMO is often used in critical care settings, such as during cardiac surgery or for patients with severe pneumonia or COVID-19. The procedure requires specialized equipment and trained medical staff to monitor the patient closely, ensuring their safety and well-being throughout the treatment.