Dynamics in music refer to the variations in loudness and intensity of sound. These changes can create emotional effects and add depth to a musical piece. Musicians use dynamic markings, such as piano (soft) and forte (loud), to guide their performance and convey the intended expression. Dynamics can also involve gradual changes, indicated by terms like crescendo (growing louder) and decrescendo (growing softer). These techniques help to shape the overall structure of a composition, allowing composers to highlight specific moments and enhance the listener's experience.