Dynamic range refers to the difference between the smallest and largest values of a signal that a system can effectively process. In audio, it measures the quietest and loudest sounds that can be captured or reproduced without distortion. A higher dynamic range allows for more detail and nuance in sound, making it essential for high-quality recordings. In photography, dynamic range describes the range of brightness levels a camera can capture, from the darkest shadows to the brightest highlights. A camera with a wide dynamic range can produce images with more detail in both bright and dark areas, enhancing the overall quality of the photograph.