A "dunce" refers to a person who is perceived as slow-witted or lacking intelligence. The term originated in the 16th century, associated with the Scottish scholar John Duns Scotus, whose followers were mocked for their complex ideas. Over time, "dunce" evolved into a general insult for anyone deemed foolish or incompetent. In educational settings, a "dunce" was often symbolized by a pointed hat, known as a "dunce cap," worn by students who struggled academically. This practice aimed to publicly shame those who performed poorly, reinforcing negative stereotypes about intelligence and learning. Today, the term is used more casually to describe someone acting foolishly.