The Dukes of Brittany were the rulers of the historical region of Brittany in northwestern France. This title was established in the 9th century and continued until the late 16th century. The dukes played a significant role in the region's politics, culture, and economy, often navigating complex relationships with the French crown. The most notable duke was Francis II, who ruled in the late 15th century and was the last independent duke before Brittany was annexed by France in 1532. The legacy of the dukes remains influential in Brittany's identity and cultural heritage today.