The Duke of Lerma, born Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas in 1553, was a prominent Spanish statesman during the reign of King Philip III of Spain. He served as the chief minister from 1598 to 1621, playing a crucial role in the political landscape of Spain. His tenure is marked by efforts to centralize power and manage the kingdom's finances, although his policies often faced criticism. Lerma is also known for his influence over the Spanish court and his patronage of the arts. He was instrumental in promoting the Spanish Golden Age, a period characterized by flourishing literature and art. His legacy includes both significant political achievements and controversies surrounding corruption and favoritism.