The Duchy of Urbino was a small but influential state in central Italy during the Renaissance. Established in the 15th century, it was known for its cultural and artistic achievements, particularly under the rule of the Montefeltro family. The duchy became a center for the arts, attracting renowned artists like Piero della Francesca and Raphael. The capital of the duchy was the city of Urbino, which featured impressive architecture, including the Palazzo Ducale. The duchy played a significant role in the political landscape of Italy, often engaging in alliances and conflicts with neighboring states until it was absorbed into the Papal States in the 17th century.