The Duchy of Upper Silesia was a historical region in Central Europe, primarily located in what is now southwestern Poland. It emerged in the 13th century as a result of the fragmentation of the Duchy of Silesia. The duchy was ruled by various local princes and was known for its rich natural resources, including coal and minerals. In the 18th century, the duchy became part of the Kingdom of Prussia following the Silesian Wars. Its strategic location and economic significance contributed to its importance in regional politics. The duchy was eventually integrated into modern Poland after World War II, reflecting the shifting borders of Europe.