The Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg was a historical territory in northern Germany, part of the larger Saxony region. Established in the late Middle Ages, it became a duchy in the 15th century. The duchy was known for its strategic location along trade routes and its rich natural resources, including timber and agriculture. Throughout its history, Saxe-Lauenburg experienced various political changes, including divisions and reunifications with other territories. It was ruled by several noble families, notably the House of Saxe-Lauenburg. The duchy eventually became part of the Kingdom of Hanover in the 19th century, marking the end of its independent status.