The Duchy of Lower Lorraine was a historical region in medieval Europe, part of the larger territory known as Lorraine. Established in the 10th century, it was a significant political entity within the Holy Roman Empire. The duchy was characterized by its diverse culture and strategic location, which included parts of modern-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and northeastern France. Lower Lorraine was often contested by neighboring powers, leading to a complex history of alliances and conflicts. It was eventually divided into smaller territories, with its influence waning by the late Middle Ages. The duchy played a crucial role in the development of regional identities in Lorraine and surrounding areas.