The Duchy of Milan was a significant state in northern Italy during the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. It was established in the 14th century and became a powerful political and cultural center. The duchy was ruled by various noble families, including the Visconti and Sforza, who played crucial roles in its development and influence. Milan was known for its economic strength, strategic location, and artistic achievements. The city became a hub for trade and culture, attracting artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Donato Bramante. The Duchy of Milan eventually fell under Spanish control in the 16th century, marking the end of its independence.