The Duchy of Burgundy was a historical territory in western Europe, primarily located in what is now eastern France. Established in the 9th century, it became a powerful and influential region during the late Middle Ages, especially under the rule of the Valois Dukes. The duchy played a significant role in European politics, culture, and economics. At its height in the 15th century, the Duchy of Burgundy included not only parts of modern France but also territories in the Low Countries, such as Flanders and Brabant. The duchy was known for its wealth, artistic achievements, and strong military presence, making it a key player in the politics of Europe during that era.