The term "Duchess of Austria" typically refers to a noble title held by women in the House of Habsburg, a prominent royal family in European history. The title was often associated with the ruling duchies in the region, particularly during the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The duchess played a significant role in political alliances through marriage, influencing the power dynamics of Europe. One notable figure is Maria Theresa, who became the Duchess of Austria in the 18th century. She was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and is remembered for her reforms in government and military, as well as her efforts to strengthen the empire.