The dose-response relationship is a fundamental concept in pharmacology and toxicology that describes how the effect of a substance changes with varying doses. As the dose of a drug or toxin increases, the response—whether beneficial or harmful—typically increases as well. This relationship helps researchers determine the appropriate dosage for medications and understand the potential risks of exposure to harmful substances. Understanding the dose-response relationship is crucial for establishing safety guidelines and regulatory limits for substances like pesticides, medications, and industrial chemicals. It allows scientists to predict how different populations might react to specific doses, ensuring that treatments are effective while minimizing adverse effects.