Dormancy mechanisms are biological processes that allow organisms, such as seeds and certain animals, to enter a state of inactivity during unfavorable conditions. This state helps them conserve energy and resources until environmental factors, like temperature and moisture, become more suitable for growth or activity. In plants, dormancy often involves the hardening of seed coats or the production of growth inhibitors. In animals, such as bears or frogs, dormancy can manifest as hibernation or estivation, where metabolic rates decrease significantly. These adaptations are crucial for survival in fluctuating environments.