Domain Name Resolution is the process of converting a human-readable domain name, like www.example.com, into an IP address, which computers use to identify each other on the internet. This process is essential because while people prefer to remember names, computers operate using numerical addresses. When a user types a domain name into a web browser, a Domain Name System (DNS) server is queried to find the corresponding IP address. Once the IP address is obtained, the browser can connect to the desired server, allowing the user to access the website associated with that domain name.