A dissertation is a lengthy, formal document that presents original research on a specific topic. It is typically required for obtaining advanced degrees, such as a PhD or Doctorate. The process involves extensive research, analysis, and writing, culminating in a defense before a panel of experts in the field. Dissertations usually consist of several key components, including an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and conclusion. They aim to contribute new knowledge or insights to a particular area of study, demonstrating the author's expertise and ability to conduct independent research.