Disk partitioning is the process of dividing a computer's hard drive or storage device into separate sections, called partitions. Each partition can function as an independent unit, allowing users to organize data, install multiple operating systems, or manage files more efficiently. By creating partitions, users can allocate specific amounts of space for different purposes, such as storing documents, applications, or system files. This organization helps improve performance and makes it easier to back up or restore data. Additionally, partitioning tools are available to assist users in managing these partitions effectively.