Direct Current Machines are electrical devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy or vice versa. They operate using direct current (DC), which flows in one direction. These machines are commonly used in various applications, including electric vehicles, battery chargers, and industrial equipment, due to their ability to provide precise speed control and high starting torque. There are two main types of direct current machines: DC motors and DC generators. DC motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, while DC generators do the opposite, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. Both types utilize a commutator to ensure the current direction remains consistent, enabling efficient operation.