Differentiation is a mathematical process used to find the rate at which a function changes at any given point. It involves calculating the derivative of a function, which represents the slope of the tangent line to the curve at that point. This concept is fundamental in calculus and is widely used in various fields, including physics and economics. In a broader context, differentiation can also refer to the process of distinguishing between different products or services in a market. Companies often use differentiation strategies to highlight unique features or benefits, helping them stand out from competitors and attract specific customer segments.