A dictionary attack is a method used to break passwords by systematically entering every word in a predefined list, or "dictionary." This list typically contains common words, phrases, and variations that people might use as passwords. The goal is to find a match by exploiting the tendency of users to choose easily guessable passwords. This technique is often employed by hackers to gain unauthorized access to accounts and systems. To defend against dictionary attacks, users are encouraged to create complex passwords that include a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols, making them harder to guess than simple words found in a dictionary.