Demographic characteristics refer to the statistical data that describe a population's traits. These traits often include factors such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, income level, education, and marital status. Understanding these characteristics helps researchers and policymakers analyze social trends and make informed decisions. Demographic data is commonly used in various fields, including sociology, marketing, and public health. For example, businesses may study demographic characteristics to target specific consumer groups, while governments may use this information to allocate resources effectively and plan for community services.