Deformation processes refer to the changes in shape or size of materials when subjected to external forces. These processes can occur in solids, liquids, and gases, and are essential in various fields such as engineering and geology. Common types of deformation include elastic deformation, where materials return to their original shape after the force is removed, and plastic deformation, where materials permanently change shape. In manufacturing, deformation processes are crucial for shaping materials into desired forms. Techniques like casting, forging, and extrusion utilize these processes to create products ranging from metal components to plastic items. Understanding deformation helps engineers design safer and more efficient structures and products.