Deaminases are enzymes that catalyze the removal of an amine group from a molecule, typically an amino acid or nucleotide. This process is essential for various biological functions, including the metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds and the regulation of gene expression. By converting amino acids into different forms, deaminases play a crucial role in cellular processes. In the context of DNA and RNA, deaminases can modify nucleotides, leading to changes in genetic information. For example, the enzyme ADAR deaminates adenosine to inosine in RNA, which can affect protein synthesis and gene regulation. These modifications are vital for maintaining cellular function and adaptability.