Dead loads refer to the permanent static forces acting on a structure, primarily due to its own weight. These loads include the weight of materials such as concrete, steel, and wood used in construction. They are constant and do not change over time, making them essential for engineers to consider when designing buildings and other structures. In addition to the weight of the structure itself, dead loads can also include fixed elements like roofs, walls, and floors. Understanding dead loads is crucial for ensuring the stability and safety of a structure, as they help determine the necessary strength and support required in the design process.