A database model is a framework that determines how data is stored, organized, and manipulated in a database. Common types include the relational model, which uses tables to represent data and relationships, and the NoSQL model, which accommodates unstructured data and offers flexibility in data storage. Each model serves different needs based on the complexity and type of data being managed. Choosing the right database model is crucial for efficient data management. Factors such as data structure, scalability, and performance requirements influence this decision. Understanding these models helps organizations select the best approach for their specific applications, ensuring optimal data handling and retrieval.